In the fast-paced world we live in, finding time to unwind and engage in activities that bring joy and fulfilment has become increasingly important. This is especially true in urban areas like Philadelphia and the surrounding region of South Jersey, where people are embracing a variety of new and emerging hobbies. From creative pursuits to outdoor adventures and tech-driven activities, these areas are seeing a rise in trends that are redefining how locals spend their leisure time. As we move through 2025, let’s take a closer look at the hobbies gaining traction in these vibrant communities.

Online Gaming and Esports

Online gaming and esports have surged in popularity in the Philadelphia and South Jersey areas, with a growing number of people engaging in competitive gaming or simply enjoying leisure time with virtual games. Esports, in particular, has become a major industry, with local leagues and university programs helping to foster a competitive gaming culture. Players of all skill levels participate in a wide range of games, from first-person shooters to multiplayer strategy titles. As technology improves, the gaming experience becomes more immersive, attracting more fans and players.

In addition to esports, online casino gaming has grown significantly. With the convenience of playing from home, players can enjoy a variety of games, including slots, blackjack, and poker, without the need to visit a physical casino. The rise of offshore and international online casinos has added to the appeal, offering a greater variety of games and lucrative promotions. For example, players from all over the world can access the best online casinos in the UK which are known to offer a huge selection of games along with lucrative and unique bonuses and promotions. These sites attract players from the US, within the UK, and beyond because of the benefits that they offer players. 

Overall, both esports and online casino gaming are thriving in the region, offering a wealth of opportunities for entertainment and excitement. As the industry grows, so too does the variety of games and rewards available, ensuring players have a diverse and engaging experience.

Urban Gardening and Indoor Plants

As cities continue to grow, many residents in both South Jersey and Philadelphia are turning to urban gardening as a way to reconnect with nature. Whether it’s cultivating herbs in small apartment spaces, growing vegetables on balconies, or tending to indoor plants, the joy of nurturing plants has become an increasingly popular pastime. For many, gardening provides not only a calming hobby but also a sense of accomplishment as they watch their plants grow and thrive.

The trend is part of a broader interest in sustainability and a desire for locally sourced, homegrown food. With more people looking to reduce their carbon footprint, urban gardening has become an accessible and rewarding activity that promotes environmental awareness. Moreover, indoor plants have proven mental health benefits, improving air quality and boosting mood—making them an attractive hobby for city dwellers. The popularity of local plant shops and gardening workshops has surged, as people in the region seek guidance and inspiration for their green-thumb pursuits.

Cycling and E-Bikes

Another hobby that has witnessed significant growth in both South Jersey and Philadelphia is cycling. The city of Philadelphia has been improving its infrastructure to accommodate cyclists, making it easier for residents to explore the city on two wheels. This includes an expanded network of bike lanes, more bike-sharing programs, and a heightened awareness of the environmental and health benefits of cycling.

Alongside traditional bicycles, the rise of e-bikes (electric bicycles) has also become a noteworthy trend. E-bikes offer an easier, faster, and more sustainable way to get around, making them a great option for commuting or leisure riding. For many, e-bikes have opened up the world of cycling to those who may have otherwise been deterred by the physical demands of traditional biking, enabling longer rides and greater accessibility. With both traditional and e-bikes gaining in popularity, residents of South Jersey and Philadelphia are taking advantage of the region’s outdoor spaces and scenic routes to enjoy this increasingly widespread hobby.

Creative Hobbies: DIY Crafts and Art

The creativity wave is also alive and well in South Jersey and Philadelphia, as more people are turning to hands-on, DIY hobbies as a way to unwind and express themselves. Activities such as knitting, pottery, painting, woodworking, and other crafts are experiencing a resurgence in popularity. These hobbies not only provide a creative outlet but also offer an opportunity to create something tangible, whether it’s a piece of art for the home or a gift for a loved one.

In particular, pottery and ceramic workshops are gaining traction in the area, with many locals attending classes to learn the art of creating unique pieces. Artisanal crafting has become both a form of self-expression and a way to make sustainable, one-of-a-kind items that are environmentally friendly. Additionally, the rise of online platforms for craft supplies and tutorials has made it easier for people to take up these hobbies at home, creating a new generation of DIY enthusiasts.

When buying OPMS Green Maeng Da, making the right choice isn’t just about preference—it’s about ensuring quality, reliability, and peace of mind. With so many options available, it’s easy to get overwhelmed, but not all sources are created equal. The difference between a trusted and unreliable seller can impact more than just your shopping experience. That’s why it’s essential to shop OPMS Green Maeng Da Kratom from Trusted source, ensuring you get exactly what you’re paying for. But why does it matter where you buy from? In this blog post, we’ll explore why purchasing it from reliable sellers is the only way to go.

Stick To Trusted Sources For OPMS Green Maeng Da—Here’s Why

1. Guaranteed authenticity  

Guaranteed authenticity means you are getting the real, original quality without any substitutes or alterations. When you buy from trusted sources, you can be sure that the OPMS Green Maeng Da you receive is exactly what the brand promises. Unverified sellers may offer quality that could be diluted, mixed, or entirely different, leading to wasted money and uncertainty about your purchase.

Authenticity also ensures that the product meets the brand’s strict standards, giving you confidence in its consistency and quality. The reason is that trusted sellers work directly with authorized distributors to ensure a safe and satisfactory experience.

2. Lab-tested quality assurance

Lab-tested quality assurance means that every OPMS Green Maeng Da batch undergoes thorough testing to ensure it meets safety and purity standards. Trusted sources send their products to certified laboratories, where they are checked for contaminants, heavy metals, and unwanted additives. This process ensures that what you buy is free from harmful substances and maintains consistent quality.

Without proper lab testing, there’s no way to verify if a product is safe or matches the label claims. Whereas, buying from unreliable sources increases the risk of receiving something impure or mislabeled. But, when you do it from trusted sources, the situation is different, i.e., the ball is in your court. What you get is a product that is clean, safe, and accurately represented.

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3. Consistent and reliable supply

When buying OPMS Green Maeng Da from a trusted source, you can count on a consistent and reliable supply. Established sellers maintain proper inventory management, ensuring that it is always available when you need it. This means you won’t have to deal with delays, stock shortages, or questionable alternatives.

Reliable sources also follow strict storage and handling processes to maintain freshness and quality. On the other hand, unverified sellers may have unpredictable stock levels, leading to inconsistent availability and uncertainty about what you’re getting. Well, then, by choosing a trusted source, you eliminate the risk of receiving outdated or improperly stored quality.

4. Safe and secure transactions

You can count on safe and secure transactions when buying OPMS Green Maeng Da from a trusted source. Reputable sellers use encrypted payment gateways to protect your financial information, ensuring that your details remain confidential. They also offer secure checkout processes, reducing the risk of fraud or identity theft.

Additionally, they have clear refund and return policies, so you won’t be left dealing with lost money or unresolved issues. Okay, but what if one does it from unreliable sources? Well, in that case, there is a possibility they will be exposed to scams, unauthorized charges, or even undelivered orders, which is highly unfavorable.

5. No risk of contamination

When buying OPMS Green Maeng Da from an unverified seller, there’s always a risk of contamination. Products from unreliable sources may be exposed to harmful substances due to improper handling, storage, or manufacturing processes. Contaminants like bacteria, mold, or unwanted chemicals may be present, leading to a disappointing post-buying experience.

Trusted sources, however, follow strict guidelines to ensure cleanliness and safety, reducing the chances of contamination. They adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and conduct lab testing to verify purity. This ensures that what you receive is safe and meets industry standards.

6. Proper packaging standards

Proper packaging standards ensure that the OPMS Green Maeng Da Kratom you buy remains fresh, uncontaminated, and protected during storage and transportation. Trusted sources follow this, they use airtight packaging that prevents exposure to moisture, air, and light, all of which can degrade the product over time.

Additionally, they follow industry regulations, using tamper-proof seals that guarantee the product hasn’t been altered. This level of care not only maintains quality but also ensures you receive exactly what you paid for. Simply put, when purchasing from trusted sources, you can be confident that the packaging meets safety standards, keeping what you bought intact and in optimal condition.

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7. Reliable customer support  

Reliable customer support ensures a smooth and hassle-free buying experience. When purchasing OPMS Green Maeng Da from a trusted source, you get access to a team that can answer questions, address concerns, and assist with any order issues. Whether you need help verifying details, tracking shipments, or resolving a problem, a dependable seller will have responsive support in place. This reduces the chances of feeling lost or frustrated after making a purchase.

Most importantly, such support further provides clear communication channels, such as phone, email, or chat, making it easy to get assistance when needed. Without reliable customer support, you risk dealing with delays, unanswered questions, or even being left without a solution if something goes wrong with your order.

Closing Lines

Buying OPMS Green Maeng Da from a trusted source isn’t just about convenience—it’s about ensuring you get exactly what you expect. From guaranteed authenticity and lab-tested quality to proper packaging and secure transactions, reputable sellers ensure a reliable and safe buying experience. Unverified sources, on the other hand, can leave you dealing with inconsistent supply, potential contamination, or even scams. But, when you choose a trusted seller, you eliminate unnecessary risks and gain peace of mind knowing your purchase is in good hands. In the end, the choice is simple—stick to reliable sources, and you will ensure a satisfactory experience for yourself.

Why does staying focused feel so difficult sometimes? Distractions, stress, and mental fatigue make it hard to concentrate. Many people look for natural ways to support brain function. Let’s explore how CBD may play a role in improving focus.

Choosing a Premium CBD Brand Matters

The quality of CBD plays a big role in its effectiveness. Low-quality products may contain fillers or inconsistent amounts of active compounds. Many people seeking CBD for focus prefer brands that use high-quality hemp and advanced extraction methods. A premium product ensures purity, potency, and safety. Third-party testing helps confirm that the CBD is free from harmful additives. The best brands provide transparency about sourcing and lab results.

A high-quality product delivers consistent effects. Full-spectrum and broad-spectrum CBD contain additional compounds that may enhance cognitive support. These include cannabinoids like CBG and terpenes such as limonene, which are linked to mental clarity. Reliable brands provide clear dosing instructions for optimal use. Choosing a tested and trusted product makes all the difference.

How CBD Interacts with Brain Function

The brain relies on a network of neurotransmitters to regulate focus and attention. CBD interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system, which plays a role in cognitive function. This system helps maintain balance in key processes like mood, energy, and alertness. Some research suggests that CBD may support mental clarity by promoting a sense of calm. A relaxed state can lead to better concentration and reduced mental clutter.

Stress and overactivity in the brain can make it harder to focus. CBD’s interaction with serotonin receptors may help regulate mood, reducing feelings of anxiety. This calming effect can create an environment where the brain can function more efficiently. Improved emotional balance often translates to better attention and mental endurance.

The Role of Inflammation and Brain Fog

Chronic inflammation affects both physical and mental well-being. When inflammation is present, brain fog, sluggish thinking, and reduced concentration often follow. CBD is known for its potential anti-inflammatory properties, which may help clear mental fatigue. By supporting a balanced immune response, it may contribute to overall brain health. A well-functioning brain requires proper oxygen and nutrient delivery.

Inflammation can also interfere with neurotransmitter function. When brain signals are disrupted, focus and memory decline. Some research suggests that CBD may help regulate these processes by interacting with the nervous system. Many people notice improved alertness and mental sharpness when inflammation is reduced. Supporting the brain’s natural ability to function optimally can enhance focus. 

CBD and Energy Regulation

Balanced energy levels are essential for sustained focus. When energy crashes occur, it becomes harder to stay focused on a task. Although CBD does not work as a stimulant like caffeine, it supports steady energy throughout the day. By interacting with the body’s natural regulatory systems, it helps maintain balance. This can prevent sudden drops in motivation or attention.

Fatigue is often linked to stress and poor sleep. It may support better rest, leading to more consistent energy during the day. Cannabinoids promote calm alertness. By supporting a steady energy flow, it enhances cognitive endurance. 

Key Factors That Influence CBD’s Effect on Focus

The effectiveness of CBD varies from person to person. Several factors determine how well it works for mental clarity, these include:

• Dosage: The right amount differs for everyone; starting low and adjusting is recommended.
• Product Type: Oils, capsules, and gummies all absorb at different rates.
• Consistency: Regular use may lead to better long-term results.
• Other Lifestyle Habits: Diet, hydration, and exercise impact cognitive function.

Understanding how these factors influence results can help in optimizing its benefits. Keeping track of usage and effects helps determine the most effective approach.

Some people turn to CBD for focus enhancement as a natural way to support mental clarity. Choosing a high-quality product and finding the right dosage may improve its effectiveness. While individual results vary, many report feeling more balanced and engaged. A well-supported mind leads to better productivity and overall well-being.

The Sweepstakes Gaming Protection Alliance (SPGA) is asking New Jersey lawmakers to reject a bill that could harm sweepstakes-based gaming models. Those who are against the bill view the legislation as unfairly targeting legitimate businesses and say it limits choices for gamers by restricting their access to alternative gaming platforms. 

If the bill is passed, it could disrupt a thriving industry and drive players to some of the Top Instant Casino platforms. These platforms are licensed and regulated outside of the US, offering a wider range of games, bonuses, and promotions that are appealing. The SPGA believes that instead of imposing a broad ban, lawmakers should focus on fine-tuning regulations so that there is fair oversight without eliminating lawful sweepstakes gaming.

The proposed bill aims to change and refine the current legal framework on sweepstakes-based gaming. The changes will result in many existing models being classified as unlawful gambling operations. The lawmakers who are in support of the bill, on the other hand, argue that some of these sweepstakes structures are taking advantage of legal loopholes, allowing some businesses to operate gaming models that closely resemble traditional gambling without following traditional gambling regulations and standards.

Those who oppose the bill, including the SPGA, counter the argument saying that sweepstakes gaming is already under strict federal and state regulations. They are adamant that the bill is overreaching and could negatively impact companies that operate legally within the current legal framework.

If enacted, the anti-sweepstakes bill could have some negative effects on the economy. Sweepstakes-based gaming platforms are entertaining but also contribute to the state’s economy. Many small businesses, digital platforms, and marketing firms rely on sweepstakes as a legally compliant way to keep customers engaged while making money.

The SPGA warns that banning these platforms could end up limiting customer choice by denying them access to legitimate gaming alternatives. This could promote backdoor dealings and create a different kind of problem for the state. It will dampen local business revenue and cause economic losses by disrupting companies that have operated in compliance with the existing rules for years.

Ultimately, many feel that lawmakers should enforce the current laws by checking which businesses are legally operating sweepstakes platforms and which ones are operating unregulated gambling activities. It is more economically sound to be more refined in enforcing the law than to dismantle a thriving industry for the sake of the few.

New Jersey has been a hub of innovation in the gaming sector for years, home to one of the most regulated online gambling industries in the country. The state has always balanced consumer protection with industry growth and this could be, according to the SPGA, the bill that unravels the streak.

Opponents of the bill highlight that similar legislative attempts in other states have led to unintended consequences. Businesses have been driven underground, increasing unlawful activity in the state. There have been legal challenges too as their courts have ruled in favor of properly structured sweepstakes gaming models.

The bill is currently under review, and legislative committees are set to debate its provisions soon before a final vote. The SPGA is on the move, lobbying lawmakers to consider the wider impact on consumers and businesses before deciding.

The fate of sweepstakes gaming in New Jersey remains uncertain. The outcome of this legislative debate could have lasting implications for the gaming industry in New Jersey as well as other states. While some argue for tighter regulations, others insist that the answer lies in better oversight, not outright prohibition. 

New Jersey’s online gambling scene is booming at the moment, which is kind of explainable since we are talking about a state with the least restrictive gambling laws in the United States.

This allows game developers to create and publish casino apps for real money, where people can play their favorite games like slots, roulette, blackjack, poker, and others. However, just because we are talking about a state that allows all forms of gambling, you need to be careful about which app you download and deposit your money into.

Like it or not, the online gambling industry is full of scams and usually, these apps are the main targets for hackers. This means that you need to do your own research, follow some rules before you deposit money, and put your inspector hat on just so you can find the right app for you.

So, what are the things that people in New Jersey need to consider before downloading a casino app? Well, there are many things ranging from licensing to encryption, so let’s jump into the details.

Risks of Unsafe Casino Apps 

There are many risks with downloading unsafe apps, especially when it comes to gambling. With that said, this doesn’t mean that all of these apps are scams, but their lack of regulation, clear rules, and low security means that they are most likely a target for hackers, and that’s a big no-no.

Lack of NJDGE oversight means that there is no guarantee of fair games or secure payments. You might spin a slot that is rigged or your deposit might vanish without a trace. Data security is another thing that you need to worry about, and apps without the proper encryption means that your data (ID or bank details) might end up in the wrong hands.

In other words, they are operating in the legal gray zone, and some of the apps might be offshore gambling apps that aren’t bound by U.S. laws, so if your winnings aren’t paid, you don’t have a plan B.

How NJ Regulates Casino Apps for Safety 

New Jersey takes casino app safety seriously, thanks to the NJDGE. Since online gambling went legal in 2013, every app must tie to a licensed Atlantic City casino—like Caesars or Borgata—and pass strict checks. 

The NJDGE tests games for fairness using Random Number Generators (RNGs), ensuring outcomes aren’t rigged. They also enforce SSL encryption, the same tech banks use, to protect your data during deposits or withdrawals.

Apps must verify your age (21+) and location within NJ borders via geolocation, preventing underage or out-of-state play. 

Operators face hefty fines or license loss if they slip up—think $100,000+ for breaches. The state’s 30+ licensed apps, as of 2025, also offer responsible gambling tools like deposit limits. 

Offshore apps skip all this, but NJ’s system gives you peace of mind: your bets are secure, winnings are legit, and help’s available if issues pop up. It’s a tight ship—NJ’s rules keep the crooks out and the fun in.

Features of Safe and Secure Casino Apps

Safe casino apps stand out with features that prioritize your protection and enjoyment. First, look for NJDGE licensing—displayed as a logo or seal on the app’s homepage. This means it’s regulated and partnered with a legit casino. Next, check for SSL encryption—a padlock in the web address or “https://” shows your data’s locked down. 

Geolocation tech is non-negotiable—it confirms you’re in NJ, keeping play legal. Secure payment options—like PayPal, Visa, or ACH—should be fast and verified, with clear withdrawal terms. 

Top apps offer two-factor authentication (2FA), adding a code to your login for extra safety. Fairness matters too—certified RNGs ensure random results, and some apps, list game payout rates.

User-friendly design’s a bonus: intuitive menus, quick load times, and glitch-free gameplay signal quality. Look for responsible gambling tools—deposit caps or self-exclusion options—showing the app cares about your well-being. Customer support’s a must—24/7 chat or phone lines, mean help’s there when you need it. 

These features don’t just promise safety; they deliver a smooth, trustworthy experience every time you play.

How to Download Casino Apps Safely

Downloading a casino app safely is simple if you follow these steps. Start with the NJDGE website or the casino’s official page to find licensed options. Use their direct link to the App Store (iOS) or Google Play (Android) or download an APK from the casino’s site for Android if prompted. Avoid third-party app stores; they’re riskier.

Before installing, confirm the app’s NJDGE seal and read reviews—aim for 4+ stars. Check your device settings: enable “unknown sources” for Android APKs, but only from trusted sites. Once downloaded, log in with a strong password (12+ characters, mixed symbols) and enable 2FA if offered. 

Deposit small first—say $10—to test it out. If it asks for odd permissions or payment upfront, ditch it—legit apps don’t.

And that’s about it. It all comes down to your research, so make sure you do your homework before downloading a shady app. After all, it is better to be safe than sorry, right?

By Dr. Kenneth E. Thorpe

Just before the inauguration, the outgoing Biden administration announced 15 new medications that’ll be subject to government price negotiations under the Inflation Reduction Act. The new prices, which only apply to Medicare, will officially take effect in 2027.

Many will celebrate this government pricing as a win for affordable healthcare, but the reality is far more complex. In fact, for the tens of millions of Americans managing chronic conditions, government price-setting could end up making it harder to access life-saving treatments.

The fundamental driver of America’s healthcare affordability crisis isn’t drug prices themselves — it’s the complex system of rebates, discounts, and market distortions created by insurance companies and middlemen called pharmacy benefit managers. These entities act as gatekeepers between drug manufacturers and patients. Insurers and PBMs negotiate steep discounts for themselves while saddling everyday people with exorbitant out-of-pocket costs.

Just last month, the Federal Trade Commission revealed that three major PBMs marked up drug prices by hundreds or thousands of percent at their affiliated pharmacies, generating $7.3 billion in revenue above the drugs’ acquisition costs.

Government pricing will further encourage insurance companies to push patients toward the cheapest medicines, regardless of what their doctor might have prescribed. When Medicare artificially lowers the price for one drug — say, a breast cancer treatment — it creates a ripple effect across the market for all similar medicines. While insurers must cover the negotiated drug, they can use bureaucratic rules to push patients toward whichever option brings them the highest profits, whether that’s the negotiated drug or alternatives with bigger rebates.

These aren’t just hypothetical concerns. Medicare itself has acknowledged that insurers will likely respond to these prices by requiring more paperwork before covering some medications, forcing patients to try cheaper options first, or imposing strict quantity limits. Put simply: Medicare drug price negotiations could lead to more red tape between patients and the treatments they need.

The IRA compounds these challenges with a puzzling double standard: “Small molecules” that typically come in the form of pills or tablets face price-setting after they’ve been on the market for nine years, while injectable medicines called “biologics” get 13 years of exemption. This arbitrary “pill penalty” threatens to upend pharmaceutical innovation in ways that particularly harm chronic disease patients.

Here’s why: Some novel drugs can earn as much as half of their revenue in the final years before their patent protections expire, typically around 13 years after they reach the market. By shortchanging pills by four years, the IRA creates a powerful incentive for companies to prioritize investments in biologics.

Fortunately, there’s growing bipartisan recognition of this oversight in the IRA. The Ensuring Pathways to Innovative Cures (EPIC) Act would eliminate the pill penalty by giving all drugs the same 13-year reprieve from Medicare pricing. This wouldn’t solve everything, but it would remove an artificial barrier to developing the kinds of treatments many chronic disease patients prefer.

By fixing these shortcomings, policymakers can ensure the IRA fully delivers on its promise of affordable, accessible care.

Kenneth E. Thorpe, PhD is the Robert W. Woodruff Professor of Health Policy at Emory University and Chair of the Partnership to Fight Chronic Disease (PFCD). This piece originally ran in RealClearHealth.

by Penn State Health

Newswise — Does your partner keep leaving for the guest bedroom because of your thunderous snoring? Don’t call the divorce lawyer. Instead, consider calling your doctor.

Dr. Daron Kahn, a pulmonologist and sleep medicine specialist at Penn State Health Lancaster Medical Center, says you could be suffering from sleep apnea, a serious but treatable condition.

Sleep Apnea Awareness Month in March is the perfect time to learn about this often-overlooked disorder. Sleep apnea affects approximately 30 million Americans, yet only 6 million are diagnosed. That means millions are suffering needlessly.

“A lot of people come in with their bed partner, who reports loud snoring or pauses in breathing,” explains Kahn. “Others say they never feel refreshed. They sleep all night and wake up still tired.”

What is sleep apnea?

Sleep apnea occurs when breathing repeatedly stops during sleep, for 10 to 30 seconds or more at a time. These pauses can happen multiple times per hour, sometimes over 100 times per night in severe cases. With obstructive sleep apnea, the most common type, throat muscles relax and block the airway.

“When you fall asleep, your airway relaxes,” Kahn explains. “It can narrow to restrict airflow or close and collapse, obstructing airflow.”

Sleep specialists measure severity using the apnea-hypopnea index, which counts breathing disruptions per hour. Disruptions between five to 15 are classified as mild, 15 to 30 as moderate and anything above 30 as severe.

Are you at risk?

Weight is the biggest risk factor for sleep apnea, though anatomy and genetics can play a part. “Extra fat tissue can be hidden anywhere in the body, including the back of the throat,” says Kahn. “That can make that space narrow enough to close.”

Along with snoring, breathing pauses and persistent tiredness, other common symptoms include:

• Gasping or choking during sleep
• Teeth grinding
• Morning headaches
• Difficulty staying asleep
• Depression, irritability and trouble concentrating

Symptoms don’t always correlate with severity. “We see people with mild sleep apnea who have horrible daytime sleepiness and people with severe sleep apnea who feel fine,” Kahn says.

What are the health effects?

Left untreated, sleep apnea can lead to serious health problems.

“The biggest health concern is cardiovascular disease,” warns Kahn. “It also increases your risk for hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure and stroke.”

That’s because when breathing stops, oxygen levels drop. “Your lungs can’t put oxygen into the blood, so your organs can suffer tissue damage,” he explains.

Sleep apnea can also trigger an inflammatory surge throughout your body, which can lead to:

• Increased risk of type 2 diabetes
• Worsening of chronic pain syndromes
• Eye diseases, including retina problems and glaucoma
• Weight loss resistance
• Atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat)

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves a sleep study, which can be performed in a lab or at home.

“The gold standard is an in-lab sleep study where we monitor your brain activity, breathing and movements overnight,” says Kahn. “For people without significant comorbidities, home sleep studies work just as well. They monitor chest movement, blood oxygen levels and airflow.”

How is it treated?

If a sleep study shows you have sleep apnea, healthy lifestyle changes can be effective. These include:

• Regular physical activity
• Losing weight
• Limiting alcohol and caffeine
• Quitting smoking
• Sleeping on your side instead of your back

There are several types of PAP (Positive Airway Pressure) devices:

• CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure): Delivers positive pressure through a mask to keep the airway open.
• Auto-PAP (Auto-Adjusting Positive Airway Pressure): Adapts to individual needs and adjusts pressure levels throughout the night.
• BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure): Delivers two levels of pressurized air, one on inhale and one on exhale. Kahn says it works for those who can’t tolerate a CPAP, and for those with central sleep apnea, where the airways are open, but the brain and lungs aren’t communicating correctly.

Other treatments include:

Oral appliance therapy: “These custom-made dental devices look like retainers that push the bottom jaw forward, creating space in the back of the throat,” says Kahn. These work best for mild to moderate sleep apnea.

Inspire therapy: This implantable device functions like a pacemaker for the tongue. “With each breath while you’re asleep, it sends a signal to the tongue muscle to push forward and open the airway,” Kahn explains.

Surgical options: Surgical procedures can address anatomical causes of obstruction.

When should you seek help?

Kahn says he often sees patients with hypertension or atrial fibrillation.

He recommends evaluation for anyone suffering with:

• Loud, persistent snoring
• Breathing pauses during sleep
• Daytime fatigue despite adequate sleep
• Difficulty controlling blood pressure or heart problems

Treatment can be life-changing, Kahn stresses: “We’ve had people who couldn’t get through their workday without naps and needed 12 cups of coffee daily. After CPAP, no more naps, less coffee and improved heart function.”

Related content:

• Sleep apnea increases risk of sudden death, cardiovascular conditions
• The Medical Minute: Why am I always so tired?

The Medical Minute is a weekly health news feature produced by Penn State Health. Articles feature the expertise of faculty, physicians and staff, and are designed to offer timely, relevant health information of interest to a broad audience.

Sports betting has grown in popularity over the past decade, fuelled by a combination of legalization efforts and advancements in technology. For those new to this world, navigating it can be daunting. This article breaks down essential knowledge and tips for beginners looking to understand the intricacies of sports betting.

Understanding the Basics

Before diving into sports betting and choosing a casino at https://suomikasinot.fi/, it is crucial to understand the fundamental terms and concepts. At its core, sports betting involves placing a wager on the outcome of a sporting event. The primary elements include the event itself, the wager amount, the odds, and the potential payout.

Odds are a significant component as they determine the payout of a bet. They can be presented in different formats, such as fractional (e.g., 5/1), decimal (e.g., 6.00), or American (e.g., +500). These variations can be confusing, but their purpose is to indicate the likelihood of the outcome and the amount one could win if the bet is successful.

The Importance of Research

Engaging in sports betting without sufficient research can lead to uninformed decisions and potential losses. Knowledge of the teams or players, their current form, past performances, and other relevant factors is vital. Dedicated sports news websites, analytical platforms, and official team updates can provide the information needed to make educated bets.

Understanding the sport also plays a part. Different sports have distinct rules, competitive structures, and game dynamics that affect betting outcomes. Gaining a comprehensive understanding can significantly enhance the decision-making process.

Setting a Budget and Managing Bankroll

One of the most important aspects for any beginner is managing finances wisely. Setting a clear budget for betting activities can prevent overspending and potential financial distress. It is advisable never to bet money that one cannot afford to lose.

Bankroll management refers to the practice of controlling the amount of money wagered. Experts often recommend betting only a small percentage of the total bankroll on a single wager, perhaps between 1% to 5%. This helps to sustain betting activities over a more extended period and minimizes the risk of significant losses.

Different Types of Bets

Familiarizing oneself with the various types of bets can add depth to the betting experience. Common bets include:

• Moneyline: Betting on the outright winner of an event.
• Point Spread: Wagering on the margin of victory. The favorite must win by more than the spread, while the underdog can win or lose by less than the spread.
• Totals (Over/Under): Betting on the combined score of both teams.
• Parlays: Combining multiple bets into one, where all selections must win for the bet to pay off. Parlays offer higher payouts but come with increased risk.
• Props: Proposition bets on specific events within the game, such as which player will score first.

Each type of bet has its own set of strategies and considerations, making it essential to understand their dynamics.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

Sports betting legislation varies significantly across different regions. Ensuring that betting activities are within the legal framework of one’s location is imperative. This not only prevents legal complications but also ensures fair and regulated betting environments.

Ethical considerations are equally important. Responsible gambling practices should be adhered to, avoiding actions that may lead to gambling addiction or financial ruin. Many betting platforms provide self-exclusion tools and resources for those who may struggle with controlling their gambling habits.

Using Reputable Betting Platforms

Choosing the right platform is vital for a secure and enjoyable betting experience. Reputable sports betting websites and mobile apps are licensed, provide clear terms and conditions, and offer robust customer support. They also ensure that transactions and personal data are protected through advanced security measures.

Reading reviews, seeking recommendations, and examining platform credentials can help in selecting a trustworthy bookmaker.

Conclusion

Sports betting offers excitement and the potential for monetary rewards, but it requires a thoughtful and informed approach. Understanding the basics, conducting thorough research, managing finances prudently, knowing different types of bets, and choosing reputable platforms form the foundation of a successful sports betting experience. With these principles in mind, beginners can navigate the complexities of sports betting more effectively.

• Also read: John Oliver on US sports betting: ‘It shouldn’t be this easy to lose this much’.

by Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center

Newswise — MIAMI, FLORIDA – Since 2021, when lung cancer screening guidelines began to include younger people and those with a lower smoking history, the number of screenings climbed, but significant gaps remain, especially among people with limited access to healthcare, according to a new study led by researchers at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, part of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.

“The updated guidelines substantially increased lung cancer screenings overall, even as cancer screenings declined during the COVID-19 pandemic,” said Tracy E. Crane, Ph.D., R.D.N., associate professor and co-leader of the Cancer Control Research Program at Sylvester. “However, discrepancies for who is screened persist, underscoring the importance of addressing structural barriers in rural and underserved populations.” Crane is senior author of the study, published in the March 20 issue of JAMA Oncology.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States for both men and women, and screenings can save lives by finding cancer early and making treatment more effective. Low-dose computed tomography (CT) is a relatively new screening tool for early-stage lung cancer.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued its first lung cancer screening guidelines in 2013. These screens are quick and painless. In 2021, the USPSTF updated the guidelines to start screening at 50 instead of 55 and to include those with a lower smoking history (20 or more pack-years instead of 30 or more). A pack-year is calculated by multiplying the number of years an individual smoked by the number of packs smoked per day.

First author LaShae D. Rolle, M.P.H., C.PH., a Sylvester doctoral research fellow, used data on health-related risks and behaviors from a nationally representative CDC survey. The dataset is large, but habits and risks are self-reported. Participants may underestimate how much they’ve smoked or be ashamed to report their habits accurately.

Rolle found that, of the people classified as high-risk before the guidelines changed, only 15.43% were up to date on their lung cancer screenings. The year after the guidelines changed, this jumped to 47.08% of those eligible were up to date — better, but still less than half. The numbers were lower in uninsured patients, those without a primary care provider, and those who live in rural areas.

Many Barriers to Care

Because patients without a primary care provider were much less likely to get screened, one barrier may be the requirement for a referral. In other cases, the barrier may be knowledge — these patients may not even know they’re eligible for screening.

Other barriers include the cost of care. Rolle found that health insurance pays for 97% of lung cancer screenings. Without insurance, a scan can cost hundreds of dollars, in addition to paying for a doctor’s visit to obtain a referral.

There are often options to access free or low-cost scans. Many states and nonprofits have programs to defer costs and increase access.

“But screening is not a one-time deal. Patients should get a scan annually, and results may require additional testing,” study author Coral Olazagasti, M.D., a Sylvester assistant professor of clinical medical oncology, said. “The costs come not only from the scan but the follow-up.”

“A person may say — I don’t have the money; I don’t have insurance. But, no one thinks they have cancer,” Rolle said. “I am a cancer survivor myself. I was diagnosed at 26. I understand how easy it is to brush off a screening, especially among those choosing between having food or getting screened.”

In rural areas, screening facilities may be hundreds of miles apart, making travel a barrier for many. Mobile lung cancer screening units can bring access to rural areas but cost up to $2 million.

Ways to Close the Gap

At Sylvester, community outreach teams work to close the disparities in lung cancer screenings.

“We have been identifying the places in our catchment area where the highest-risk patients are not getting screened. We then head over in the Game Changer Bus and educate and counsel the public on lung cancer screenings,” said study author Estelamari Rodriguez, M.D., M.P.H., Sylvester’s associate director of community outreach for thoracic oncology.

Other ways to increase screening rates among minority populations include patient navigators who can help educate patients, schedule their scans and arrange transportation.

“Partnering with local community organizations, churches and health workers has proven effective in promoting lung cancer screening,” study author Gilberto Lopes, M.D., Sylvester’s chief of the division of medical oncology, said. “Trusted local figures can help overcome mistrust and fear while providing culturally tailored education.”

The gaps in access to lung cancer screening are personal to Rolle. “I was lucky enough to catch my breast cancer early, and now I’m cancer-free. I would love for others to get screened so they can also catch cancer early, too,” she said.

# # #

Authors: A complete list of authors is available in the paper.

Article Title: USPSTF Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines and Disparities in Screening Adherence

DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.0230

Disclosures: Conflict of interest disclosures are available in the article.

# # #

Journal Link: JAMA Oncology

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by University of California San Diego

New study confirms the presence of xylazine on the U.S.-Mexico border, posing numerous health risks for people in the region

Newswise — Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine, in collaboration with the Prevencasa free clinic in Tijuana, Mexico, have confirmed the presence of xylazine in the illicit drug supply at the U.S.-Mexico border. While xylazine remains less common in the Western U.S., border cities serve as key trafficking hubs and may have higher rates of emerging substances. The findings, published on March 20, 2025 in the Journal of Addiction Medicine, highlight the urgent need for public health intervention.

“Xylazine is a veterinary anesthetic that is not approved for human use and is increasingly detected alongside illicit fentanyl in parts of the United States and Canada,” said senior author Joseph R. Friedman, M.D., Ph.D., a resident physician in the Department of Psychiatry at UC San Diego School of Medicine. “Although xylazine has been most prevalent on the East Coast of the United States, this new evidence confirms its presence in Tijuana, on the U.S.-Mexico border, posing numerous health risks for people in this region.”

The study analyzed de-identified records of 23 users from Prevencasa, examining urine and paraphernalia samples from individuals who reported using illicit opioids within the past 24 hours. Researchers used test strips to screen for xylazine, along with other drugs such as fentanyl, opiates and methamphetamine. Paraphernalia samples were further analyzed using mass spectrometry.

Key findings include:

• Xylazine was detected in 82.6% of participant urine samples using Wisebatch test strips and in 65.2% using SAFElife test strips.
• Paraphernalia testing confirmed xylazine in 52.2% of samples via mass spectrometry, along with fentanyl (73.9%), fluorofentanyl (30.4%), tramadol (30.4%) and lidocaine (30.4%).
• 100% of participants’ urine tested positive for fentanyl.

Xylazine is associated with severe health risks, including profound sedation, more complex withdrawal syndromes, and a heightened risk of skin infections and wounds. Given Tijuana’s strategic location as a transit point for illicit drugs entering the U.S., researchers caution that xylazine prevalence could soon rise in Southern California and beyond.

“This study underscores the importance of expanding drug-checking efforts in border regions,” Friedman added. “Our findings also support the use of xylazine test strips as a harm reduction tool, providing people who use drugs and healthcare providers with critical information about exposure risks.”

A previous study published in the Harm Reduction Journal demonstrated that individuals can use fentanyl test strips to check their own drug supply before consumption. While further research is needed to standardize xylazine testing methods, the results highlight the rapidly evolving landscape of drug-checking technologies and the need for public health agencies to adapt accordingly.

Additionally, researchers noted a high prevalence of lidocaine in Tijuana’s illicit fentanyl supply, which may interfere with xylazine test strip accuracy. More studies are needed to understand why lidocaine is being added and how it affects drug-checking reliability.

Larger studies are required to further assess xylazine’s spread and refine testing methods. Researchers advocate for increased surveillance, harm reduction strategies, and clinical awareness to mitigate the emerging risks posed by xylazine in the illicit drug supply.

Additional co-authors on the study include: Alejandro G. Montoya, M.D., Carmina Ruiz, Mariana A. Gonzalez Tejeda, R.N., Luis A. Segovia, B.S. and Lilia Pacheco Bufanda from Prevencasa A.C. in Tijuana. Morgan E. Godvin, B.A. and Chelsea L. Shover, Ph.D. from UCLA Department of Internal Medicine. Edward Sisco, Ph.D., Elise M. Pyfrom, B.S. and Meghan G. Appley, Ph.D. from the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

The study was funded, in part, by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA049644) and (K01DA050771) as well as the National Institute of Mental Health (MH101072).