As colorectal cancer continues to rise—particularly among adults under 50—awareness and early action have never been more important. In recognition of National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month this March, Jefferson Health–East colon and rectal surgeons Dr. Valerie Bauer and Dr. Thaer Obaid share ten essential facts every adult should know. From understanding risk factors and screening guidelines to recognizing subtle warning signs, these insights highlight how prevention and early detection can save lives. (Drs. Bauer and Obaid are available for press interviews.)
1. Colon cancer is highly preventable because it often develops slowly from precancerous polyps that can be removed during screening.
2. Early detection dramatically improves survival. When caught early, the five-year survival rate is about 90 percent. Screening saves lives.
3. Colon cancer starts with zero noticeable symptoms. Screening can detect precancerous changes or early-stage cancer before symptoms appear.
4. Conditions like rectal bleeding, blood in stool, persistent bowel changes, unexplained weight loss, and ongoing abdominal pain could be potential symptoms of existing colon cancer and should not be ignored.
5. While screening has reduced cases in older adults, rates are increasing in adults under 50.
6. Average-risk adults are recommended to begin screening at age 45.
7. Family history significantly increases risk. If a first-degree relative had colorectal cancer, screening may need to start earlier than age 45.
8. Lifestyle plays a major role. Risk increases with high red or processed meat intake, low fiber diet, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol use.
9. Contrary to popular belief, a colonoscopy is a very common procedure done under sedation with very little to no discomfort. Colonoscopies can diagnose, treat, and prevent colon cancer, saving lives.
10. There are multiple screening options for colon cancer. Options include stool-based tests (such as FIT or stool DNA tests), colonoscopy, and CT colonography. The best test is the one that gets done.